Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is a diuretic medication, also known as a "water pill," that helps your body remove excess salt and fluid through urine. It's primarily used to treat:
- *High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)*: By reducing fluid retention and salt absorption, HCTZ helps lower blood pressure.
- *Fluid Retention (Edema)*: Associated with heart failure, liver disease, kidney disease, or caused by taking steroids or estrogen.
# How it Works
HCTZ works by inhibiting salt reabsorption in the kidneys, increasing urine production, and ultimately reducing blood pressure. Its effects can last 6-12 hours, with peak effects occurring within 4 hours.
# Precautions and Interactions
- *Allergies*: Don't take HCTZ if you're allergic to sulfa drugs or penicillin.
- *Pregnancy and Breastfeeding*: Consult your doctor before taking HCTZ during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
- *Interactions*: HCTZ may interact with other medications, such as:
- *Blood Pressure Medications*
- *Insulin*
- *NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)*
- *Lithium*
- *Steroids*
# Common Side Effects
- *Dizziness*
- *Headache*
- *Dehydration*
- *Electrolyte Imbalance*
- *Skin Reactions*
# Dosage and Administration
- *Usual Adult Dose*: 25-100 mg orally once or twice daily.
- *Pediatric Dose*: Varies depending on age and condition ¹.
It's essential to consult your healthcare provider before taking HCTZ, especially if you have underlying medical conditions or take other medications ².
